We Can Stop Overpopulation Essay - 1222 Words

Overpopulation is when the demand of humans is too high for the supply of the earth. Many people do not consider this a threat or have even considered it. Many scientists believe that the world can hold up to 10 billion people which will be in the next 100 years. (Wolchover, 4) Will you or even your children be alive? To many of you the answer is yes. If the world’s fertility rate is above 2.1 children per woman then it is something we need to be conscious about. We can look at the history, present, and future of overpopulation to decide what the next step will be. The first time the world’s population reached over one billion was estimated to be around A.D. 1804. How come it took us since the beginning of humanity to the year 1800 to†¦show more content†¦We no longer have to wait a month for our crops to grow we can simply go to the store and buy it. If a line is more than 10 minutes long many Americans will not use it they will just buy it online, they never have to leave the house. In a study done in 1995 by the Natural Resources Defense Council they created a graph showing us that the US population consists of 5% of the world’s population but we create 75% of the world’s hazardous waste. (Cooper, 603) As American’s we do not think about the affect we have on the environment. American’s fertility rate is 2.06 children per woman, this means that the population of the United States is at a slow decline. (CIA, 121) This is pretty good news, but this only accounts for people that are in the US right now. More and more immigrants, legal and illegal, are coming into the US that means 800,000 legal (1.1 million counting illegal) immigrants come into the US annually. 1.6 % of the United States population in 2013 was migrants. (Worldometers, 9) Would it be to our benefit if we lower that number with border control or is birth control easier? (Cooper, 609) Many countries around the world are trying different population tactics. As many people have heard the Chinese have opted to the one child policy. This policy is to ensure the number of people in the country starts to fall. China’s population count is at 1.38 billion people. (Worldometers, 8) In a survey done in 2008 76% of the Chinese populationShow MoreRelatedThe Negative Effects Of Overpopulation1285 Words   |  6 PagesOverpopulation Essay Overpopulation is a world problem which is when the number of people exceeds the carrying capacity of Earth. It is a very prevalent issue because it is causing many issues for the environment. Primarily, it is harming other species. Second of all, many energy sources are curtailing due to overpopulation. Finally, overpopulation is causing death in the environment. Environmentally, overpopulation is degrading the environment in a negative way and needs to stop. Due to overpopulationRead MoreOverpopulation : We Must Figure It Out For Save The World Essay1645 Words   |  7 Pages Overpopulation: We Must Figure It Out to Save the World It may not be something you think about often, but human population growth is a big issue in our world today and this problem needs to be solved in the future to save our planet. Overpopulation is a condition that will be in effect if the population exceeds the carrying capacity on Earth. The carrying capacity is the peak population that can sustain human life on Earth. It is uncertain what Earth’s carrying capacity is for the human raceRead MoreThe Problem Of Human Overpopulation1122 Words   |  5 PagesHuman overpopulation is mostly the most urgent environmental issues, the forces behind global warming , environmental pollution, habitat loss, the sixth mass extinction, intensive farming practices and the consumption of finite natural resources, such as fresh water, land and fossil fuels, at speeds faster than their rate of regeneration. however, ecological issues are just the beginning . Overpopulation is the state where the human population rises to an extent completing the carrying size of theRead MoreUsing Birth Control Medicine And Education951 Words   |  4 Pagesending vaccines for diseases, and by sending people to live in space. â€Å"Overpopulation occurs when an organism s numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat.† (Global Footprint Network) As humans, people use a lot of resources to help themselves. â€Å"Today humanity uses the equivalent of 1.6 planets to provide the resources we use and absorb our waste. This means it now takes the Earth one year and six months to regenerate what we use in a year.† (Global Footprint Network) The ratio of resourcesRead MoreThe Effects Of Human Overpopulation On The Environment1242 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Human Overpopulation on the Environment â€Å"Can one apple slice feed the world?† If the world were an apple, farmland would only be one very thin slice. The growing population on this Earth has some serious questions that it needs to consider as a whole. How are we all going to eat with eight billion mouths to eat? Farmers have an interesting proposition, they need to feed a growing population with very little land. Overpopulation also has negative effects on the earth through pollutionRead MoreOverpopulation : The Problem Of Overpopulation1251 Words   |  6 PagesOverpopulation: The Top Worry Yet to be Proven by the Worried The definition of hysteria is an exaggerated or uncontrollable emotion, usually found within groups of people. An example of hysteria includes overpopulation, the futuristic â€Å"problem† that is not and will not be a dilemma in the foreseeable future. Back in 15,000 B.C., the world population was five million. Today, it is a staggering seven billion plus. This has caused unease that overpopulation will be a problem for our future generationsRead MoreOverpopulation Is a Growing Problem Essay1424 Words   |  6 PagesOverpopulation is a growing problem all over the world. This is a very important environmental issue and needs to be dealt with. This environmental problem is affecting many countries in the world, but mostly the poor and impoverished countries that don’t have the resources to help deal with these issues. It also affects the environment like plants animal life and air quality. When the population of people expands we need more natural resources from the en vironment, so we consume more then we canRead MoreEffects of Climate Change Essay1095 Words   |  5 PagesCan you imagine a world without the state of Florida? Having a giant hole in Australia? Asian Islands vanished under water? While many people have doubts about the underwater city of Atlantis, we are looking at a world where underwater cities will no longer be objects of wonder and fantasy. The map above is an estimate of what the world will look like if the ice caps melt and sea levels rise the projected 216 feet. As one can see, entire cities will be wiped off the map. While Wisconsin willRead MoreOverpopulation : Preserve The World1291 Words   |  6 Pages Overpopulation: Preserve The World If there was a way to have a better life for you and your loved ones would you take it? Or would you rather not take the opportunity and struggle throughout the rest of your life, this will happen by world overpopulation. In the past, Overpopulation started out from the baby boom which increased the birthrate, and according to Ewan Mcleish the author of â€Å"Overcrowded World, (16)† he stated that it made 40% of the national population. Today, overpopulation is aRead MoreAdopt and Save a Life Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pages Though we do not realize many animals have a life as this dog has had. Studies show that more animals in the United States are being euthanized every day due to the fact of overpopulation of animals, serious injury or diseases, puppy mills and natural disasters. According to the Humane Society of the United States, they estimated that in 2013, animal shelters care for about six to eight million dogs and cats every year, of this approximately three t o four million are euthanized (Pet Overpopulation)

Roles Of A Project Manager - 1647 Words

There are many roles that a project manager must fulfill. The most important roles of a project manager though, may not be the roles one may first think of. Of course there are the visible roles such as integration of processes, managing project scope and cost, and managing risks (Gomes, Yasin, Small). Less visible roles such as effective leadership and communication affect all of the visible roles of the project manager. Because these less visible roles take on many forms and touch many aspects of a project, focusing on and looking at them in depth is very important in the effort to understand how to effectively fulfill these roles. So much of the focus of literature and research is on outwardly visible roles that the essential roles of leadership and communication have gone somewhat ignored (Anantatmula). Because more research into such visible roles is being done, more attention is being brought to their importance. The roles of leadership and communication will be referred to as â€Å"affective roles.† This term is used because they affect the success of all of the visible roles of a project manager. The fulfillment of the affective roles of leadership and communication build up and maintain all the relationships that a project manager has. How well a project manager leads his team and communicates with others is directly responsible for his success in all other visible roles. It is crucial to look at how a project manager should lead and communicate and how success in theseShow MoreRelatedRole of a Project Manager1009 Words   |  4 PagesProject management The role of a project manager is the most challenging roles within the project team. As the project goes on and takes advances in its various stages a project manager should ensure that they are able to adopt according to the demands of the project that are ever changing. Clearly this particular project in the organization has been marred with many challenges. These challenges need a good project manager who ill ensures that the project gets completed successfully. The currentRead MoreThe Role of Project Manager1140 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopment of project management, project success has been defined clearly. A definition of project success from Lock is that if the project finish on time, within budget and in good quality, the project is considered as a successful project (Lock, 2007). However, our understanding about the role of project manager is unclear. Different people hold various viewpoints about it. According to Lewis, people have a vague understanding of what is the role of project manager, because a majority of project managersRead MoreRole of Project Manager2484 Words   |  10 PagesNICMAR ASSIGNMENT ON â€Å"ROLE OF PROJECT MANAGERS† SUBMITTED BY: JHA PRAVIN KUMAR JOSHI SOURABH MALANI GOVIND 221071 221074 221094 GUIDED BY: Prof. T.K.GANGULI ACM 22-SECTION 2 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH, PUNE ROLE OF PROJECT MANAGERS Page 1 NICMAR INDEX Contents 1. Introduction 2. Role of Project Manager 2.1 Planning 2.2 Organizing 2.3 Controlling 2.4 Leading 2.5 Communicating 2.6 Cognitive functions 2.7 Self management functions 2.8 Motivational and personalRead MoreRole Of A Project Manager On A Construction Project Essay830 Words   |  4 PagesThe main role of a project manager on a construction project is that they are the people who are responsible for making decisions, both large and small and are also responsible for everything that happens on the site from the date of starting of the project till the closure of the project, they take the overall responsibility for the successful initiation, design, execution, monitoring, controlling. A project manager sets up the estimates, budget and construction timetable for the clients and alsoRead MoreProject Management And The Roles And Responsibilities Of Project Manager922 Words   |  4 Pages Initially I had a view that project management is organized planned objective of an organization with the consideration of all other constraints like budget cost, man-power and utilizing resources. From the classes my knowledge on project management has enhanced. Here I comes to know the different kinds of management in an organization and the roles and responsibilities of project manager, line manager, functional manager and sponsor. Project manager responsible for coordinating and merging activitiesRead More1.The Role Of The Project Manager On Construction Projects..1062 Words   |  5 Pages1.The role of the project manager on construction projects. Generally, as a project manager, he(or she) should be able to have thorough control of time, cost and quality of the project, and have the overall responsibility for the successful initiation, planning, design, execution, monitoring, controlling and closure of a project. The following are some specifications: 1) Leader of the team A project manager should form and lead a team which has the professionals and specialists, and enable themRead MoreProject Manager s Role On Construction Project Essay1802 Words   |  8 PagesPart 1. Investigation 1. The project manager plays a vital role on the construction project, from the very beginning of its initiation and planning to execution, to completion and handing over the complete project to the client. The project manager identifies and select the discrete processes to meet the project objective and target, considering the constituting inputs and outputs for the process (Project Management Institute, 2013). The project manager should be perceptive, well informed and shouldRead MoreAssignment on Roles and Responsibilities of Project Manager9779 Words   |  40 PagesAssignment on â€Å"Roles and Responsibilities of Project Manager† [The assignment is prepared for the requirement of the course Project Management (MGT-4705) of BBA 7th semester] Prepared for Muhammd Shah Course Instructor Department of Business Administration International Islamic University Chittagong. Prepared By Name: Nafisa Ahmed Matric No: B-061213 Semester: Spring Level: BBA 7th Female (B) Submission Date: 11th August, 2009 Department of BusinessRead Moreâ€Å"the Role of the Project Manager Is to Command and Control.† Critically Discuss.1426 Words   |  6 PagesTOPIC: â€Å"The role of the Project Manager is to command and control.† Critically discuss. INTRODUCTION: In management, command and control refers more generally to the maintenance of authority with somewhat more distributed decision making [Command and Control Research Program 2011]. Being an effective project manager is among the most challenging jobs in the industry for two reasons. First it requires management skills and abilities different from those required in a traditional functionalRead MoreRole Of A Project Manager Within A Building Information Model2240 Words   |  9 PagesBefore we delve into the role of a Project Manager within a Building Information Model (BIM) project and how, if at all, that role has altered, lets step back and understand how BIM evolved. The concept of BIM has actually existed since the 1970’s with the term building model first used in papers in the mid-1980’s. However, it wasn’t until around 10 years later that the terms Building Information Model and Building Information Modelling (including the acronym BIM) became more mainstream

4 Phases of International Marketing Involvement free essay sample

When company has decide to involve in international marketing, they have to do study and analysis of market potential in the country they interested to do business so that they can decide the level of involvement they would like to commit. There are 4 phases of international marketing involvement; which are no direct foreign marketing, infrequent foreign marketing, regular foreign market and international marketing. In no direct foreign marketing stage, the company may not actively involve in international marketing. But yet there are still have possibility of the product to sell in oversea through the distributor or wholesaler without the knowledge of the producer. The next stage is infrequent foreign marketing, where company may involve in the international marketing infrequently depending when there are temporary surplus of the production. Company has no intention to maintain the international demand and only focus in domestic demand. When only there are surplus of product after distributing the domestic market then only the company would sell to oversea market. We will write a custom essay sample on 4 Phases of International Marketing Involvement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The next level is regular marketing. In this stage, the company has the intention to do international marketing and has permanent production capacity allocate to international demand. Company may has own sales subsidiaries in the foreign market. However the sales of the company still depend to the domestic market and the sales in foreign market is just a bonus for the company. For example, Proton the Malaysia national carmaker also setting up sales subsidiaries in Europe market and Proton major sales are still come from domestic market and also Proton production plant are only in Malaysia. The final level is international marketing, where company fully involved and committed in the international market. The company not only setting up sales subsidiaries but the production plant in the foreign country. For example Toyota the Japan carmaker not only has production plant in Japan but they also build production plant in US when they expand their business in US. These stages of international marketing involvement indicate the level of involvement that the company would like to involve in the international market. Company may not necessary have to follow the process and stages by stages when entering international marketing. This is depending to the market potential and the capability of the company to decide which stages they would like to go. Define and discuss the idea of global orientation. Expand business globally is common today in order to expand sales and gain profit. However there are a lot of obstacles in doing business in other countries due to macro factors such as political, economical, social and cultural and technological issues. So it is important for company to understand the idea of global orientation. Global orientation is defined as a means of operating by which a company acts as if all the company’s markets in a company’s scope of operations including the domestic market were approachable as a single global market, with the company standardizing the marketing mix where culturally feasible and cost effective. In order to do businesses in global market, company has to have global way of thinking. The design of the product and the name of the product must be globally accepted. So product standardization is also an important issue for company to go global. Example of company that applied the idea of global orientation is Coke the carbonated drink company. Coke is a globally accepted brand and the product is standardizing around the world with some differences due to different taste and preferences in different countries. Coke is a multinational company that operates its operation around the world and also has production plants in foreign countries. Coke treat the all the market as a single global market and doing global marketing strategy planning. To expand to global market it is important for company to think global as well as cope with the macro factors such as political, economical, social and cultural and technological issues in order to achieve global acceptance of the products.

Romanticism In The 19th Century Essays - Romanticism,

Romanticism in the 19th Century Romanticism began in the early 19th century and radically changed the way people perceived themselves and the state of nature around them. Unlike Classicism, which stood for order and established the foundation for architecture, literature, painting and music, Romanticism allowed people to get away from the constricted, rational views of life and concentrate on an emotional and sentimental side of humanity. This not only influenced political doctrines and ideology, but was also a sharp contrast from ideas and harmony featured during the Enlightenment. The Romantic era grew alongside the Enlightenment, but concentrated on human diversity and looking at life in a new way. It was the combination of modern Science and Classicism that gave birth to Romanticism and introduced a new outlook on life that embraced emotion before rationality. Romanticism was a reactionary period of history when its seeds became planted in poetry, artwork and literature. The Romantics turned to the poet before the scientist to harbor their convictions (they found that the orderly, mechanistic universe that the Science thrived under was too narrow-minded, systematic and downright heartless in terms of feeling or emotional thought) and it was men such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in Germany who wrote "The Sorrows of Young Werther" which epitomized what Romanticism stood for. His character expressed feelings from the heart and gave way to a new trend of expressing emotions through individuality as opposed to collectivism. In England, there was a resurgence into Shakespearean drama since many Romantics believed that Shakespeare had not been fully appreciated during the 18th century. His style of drama and expression had been downplayed and ignored by the Enlightenment's narrow classical view of drama. Friedrich von Schlegel and Samuel Taylorleridge (from Germany and England respectively) were two critics of literature who believed that because of the Enlightenment's suppression of individual emotion as being free and imaginative, Shakespeare who have never written his material in the 19th century as opposed to the 18th century. The perception that the Enlightenment was destroying the natural human soul and substituting it with the mechanical, artificial heart was becoming prevalent across Europe. The Lyrical Ballads, published in 1798, was a series of poems that examined the beauty of nature and explored the actions of people in natural settings. Written by William Woodsworth, this form of poetry was free, expressive and without constraint as evident by this passage: "If this belief from heaven be sent, If such be Nature's holy plan, Have I not reason to lament, What man has made of man?" Such passages from his work indicates that poetry and literature was also used as a form of rebellion or distaste for political institutions or social conditions during the 19th century. However, since most poets thrived on the emotional and irrational abstract that they were writing about, there was no specific category that this mode of thinking could fall into. This was a strength since the freedom to explore nature was infinite and without any restriction based on rules, law or doctrine. This invariably led to a re-introduction into religion and mysticism; people wanted to explore the unknown. The Genius of Christianity, written by Rene de Chateaubriand, offered a contrast to Science. He found Christianity to be "the most poetic, most human, the most conducive to freedom, to arts and literature..." of all the religions and deduced that Science was lacking this element which could benefit mankind. The middle ages were regarded as a creative period when humans lived close to the soil and were unblemished with the effects of industrialization or urbanization. Romanticism began to show the people that the Enlightenment had overstayed its welcome by leading the people to a future that offered a vision of mankind as being part of a group rather than an individual. G. W. F. Hegel, a German philosopher, rejected the rational philosophy of the 18th century because he believed in "Idealism". This involved looking at life in terms of the importance of ideas, not thought the narrow tunnel of materialism and wealth. By advocating Idealism, Hegel concluded that mankind could be led by his spirit, his soul, rather than the establishment or the status quo. Although Romanticism was perhaps conservative in nature, every participant of this swift and silent movement could relish in his own free and glorious vision of nature. Romanticism was not a political movement or a reformist package offered by a group of dissidents; Romanticism was a time when mankind could restructure his outlook on life so that he was able to reach new heights of intellectual and

To Kill A Mockingbird Prejudice Essays - To Kill A Mockingbird

To Kill A Mockingbird: Prejudice Miss Harper Lee has chosen Scout as a first person narrator in this story. This narrative technique has many strengths and some weaknesses. Scout is a bright, sensitive and intelligent little girl. For all her intelligence, she is still a child and does not always fully understand the implications of the events she reports. This is sometimes amusing, as the time she thinks Miss Maudie's loud voice scares Miss Stephanie. Scout does her best to inform us of the happenings at the Tom Robinson trial. Yet, she is not certain what rape is, and is neither aware of the prejudice state surrounding her. Ultimately she represents the innocence within society. In To Kill A Mockingbird, Scout Finch, a little girl growing up in a small Southern town, tells the story of her childhood, when she witnessed the trial of a Negro falsely accused of raping a white woman. The Negro's lawyer is Scout's father, Atticus Finch. He defends the Negro vigorously, though he expects to lose the case. As well as being the story of childhood, it is also the story of the struggle for equality of the American Negro. To Kill A Mockingbird can be read as the story of a child's growth and maturation. Almost every incident in the novel contributes something to Scout's perception of the world. Through her experiences she grows more tolerant of others, learning how to " climb into another person's skin and walk around in it." On her first day of school she finds that there are both social and poor classes in society, some are respectable and others not. She also learns that her father is an extra-ordinary man, fighting for a Negro's rights in court. At the trial of Tom Robinson Scout learns about equality and inequality, about justice and injustice and finally about racial prejudice. Many times during the course of the novel the idea of the mockingbird comes to mind. We first hear of the bird when the children are given there first air rifles for Christmas, There father warns them to never shoot the songbird, saying to do so would be a sin. During the trial of Tom Robinson, it occurs to the reader that the Negro has many characteristics he shares with the mockingbird, He is a gentle man, who has never harmed anyone and only tried to help. His murder is as much a sin as the killing of any innocent creature. By the end of the novel we see that the hermit Boo Radley is also like the mockingbird. He is shy and gentle, living quietly and harming no one. Near the end of the novel, Boo saves the children from being killed. Scout realizes that bringing Boo into the limelight would only be like killing the songbird. Many themes and ideas are presented in this novel, the sympathy theme is one of the main ones. Throughout the novel, Atticus repeats to Scout an Jem the importance of seeing things from another point of view in order to understand what the other person is feeling. The theme of childhood is also another important one. The story takes place over a period of years, and the reader takes part in the adventure of the child growing up in a small Southern town. To Kill A Mockingbird is a fascinating story about a trial of a Negro man in a small Southern town. This novel is a must for every person to read because it not only displays the racial tensions in a small town and the effects it has on it's citizens, but it displays it through the eyes of a young innocent, six year old child.

Do Colleges Accept ACT Takers as Much as SAT Takers Is the ACT Disadvantaged

Do Colleges Accept ACT Takers as Much as SAT Takers Is the ACT Disadvantaged SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The ACT is rising rapidly in popularity, but students and parents have a good question do colleges accept ACT tests as much as they accept SAT tests? Do colleges mark you down for taking the ACT? The Straight Facts: More Students Take the ACT Now Parents of many students today may remember the SAT as being the only game in town. When I first took the test as a young student in the 1990s, everyone took the SAT. But in 2012, the ACT overtook the SAT as the top test. In fact, these days the ACT has about 10% more takers than the SAT, and this number is climbing every year. With this fact out of the way, the question still remains, is the ACT as legit as the SAT? Will the same universities accept the ACT as the SAT? And more subtely, are there disadvantages to taking the ACT? The ACT is Accepted In terms of pure acceptance, the ACT is accepted by all 4-year colleges. This was true as early as 2007. So you can rest easy knowing that if you take the ACT, you do not need to take the SAT to get into college. In terms of nominal legitimacy, the ACT is equal to or even above the SAT. Universities will accept ACT takers universally. Caveat: Mandatory ACT Takers One reason that the ACT has more takers than the SAT is that the ACT has been aggressive in pressuring states to use the ACT as statewide tests. That is, certain states like Kentucky require all students to take the ACT. Some of these "forced takers" won't be applying to colleges, or won't be applying to the level of colleges you're planning to. That means that the "real numbers" for the ACT may be a bit less than the official numbers. In my opinion though, this issue is not serious, but still one to take note of. Caveat: Acceptance Doesn't Mean Equal In many spheres of life, just because something is accepted on paper, doesn't mean it's equal in practice. For example, many colleges say the writing section is "optional but recommended" you should read this as "required" unless you're really exceptional. Colleges say the ACT is accepted, but is it equal in practice? In reality, since the ACT has been popular for a shorter period of time, admissions staff may not be as informed about what the scores mean. They may understand the SAT math-verbal split, but have a hard time grasping what it means to be strong in science but weak in math on the ACT. My belief, from speaking to many admissions committees directly and indirectly, is that this was more of a concern before 2010. These days almost all colleges have substantial experience with both tests. There is no substantial bias against the ACT anymore, certainly officially, but also in practice. Verdict: The ACT is every bit as accepted and legit as the SAT Other Articles to Read: Should you take the SAT or ACT? Class of 2017: Consider Skipping the new SAT for the ACT? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Environmental Planning and Landscape Urbanism Essay

Environmental Planning and Landscape Urbanism - Essay Example The resulting phenomenon is that the architectural features within the region are gaining new exploitations as tourist destinations and mediums of cultural preservation. For many cities in North America therefore, the culture of architecture is being exploited as a means of creating a brand synonymous with destination travel, themed cultural entertainment and tourism excursions. With more and more residents moving out of the cities and into the devolved suburban environments, the importance of landscape is becoming more glaring as it is essential in the creation of environments that the urban contemporary population deem preferable for habitation. The preferred surroundings of residence are a fusion of massive vegetation and built environments with minimal density and room for the utility of automobiles. As a result, landscape is a fundamental element in the development and maintenance of the multifaceted natural surroundings, the management of post-industrial locations and planning of communal infrastructure (Waldheim, 2002). Key Concepts in Environmental Planning and Landscape Urbanism In his article, ‘Terra Fluxus,’ James Corner metes out an in-depth analysis into some of the concepts of landscape urbanism. One of the concepts emphasized by Corner is that of the importance of processes compared to that of time in landscape urbanism. Corner states that â€Å"the processes of urbanization are more significant to the shaping of urban relationships than the spatial forms of urbanism† (Waldheim, 2002, n.p.). Such processes include the protection of the physical environment, deregulation, the process of globalization, and the accumulation of capital. This concept dispels the impression that the process of socialization can be redesigned by the construction of new physical structures. This is not to say that the spatial element does not contribute to changes in urbanism; but rather to imply that the relationship between the spatial frame and urb an processes is one that entails urban processes streaming through the spatial frame in order to manipulate and protract it. This shift emphasizes the systems that acclimatize the dispersion and density of urban structures, rather than the material properties of space. This poses the greatest challenge to designers and planners (Waldheim, 2002). The implication of this development on the spatial planning of cities and their regions is that their structuring has to borrow more from a comprehension of the processes that urbanism involves as opposed to an insight into the concept of form; that is, an understanding of â€Å"how things work in space and time† (Waldheim, 2002, n.p.). According to Corner, in this respect landscape may act as a propellant for the formation of cities. A case in point is the development of the Olmsted Central Park in Manhattan, which was initially envisioned as a space that could provide a respite to the city residents from the unremitting nature of li fe in the city. The effect of the construction of the park however turned out to be more than just that, as it acted as a catalyst for massive real estate development within the region (Waldheim, 2002).